I/O

You can run the iostat or pidstat command, or use openGauss health check tools to check the I/O usage and throughput on each node in openGauss and analyze whether performance bottleneck caused by I/O exists.

Checking I/O Usage

Use either of the following methods to check the server I/O:

Run the iostat command to check the I/O usage. This command focuses on the I/O usage and the amount of data read and written on a single hard disk per second.

iostat -xm 1  // 1 indicates the interval.
Device:         rrqm/s   wrqm/s     r/s     w/s    rMB/s    wMB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz   await r_await w_await  svctm  %util
sdc               0.01   519.62    2.35   44.10     0.31     2.17   109.66     0.68   14.62    2.80   15.25   0.31   1.42
sdb               0.01   515.95    5.84   44.78     0.89     2.16   123.51     0.72   14.19    1.55   15.84   0.31   1.55
sdd               0.02   519.93    2.36   43.91     0.32     2.17   110.16     0.65   14.12    2.58   14.74   0.30   1.38
sde               0.02   520.26    2.34   45.17     0.31     2.18   107.46     0.80   16.86    2.92   17.58   0.34   1.63
sda              12.07    15.72    3.97    5.01     0.07     0.08    34.11     0.28   30.64   10.11   46.92   0.98   0.88

rMB/s indicates the number of megabytes of data read per second, wMB/s indicates that of data written per second, and %util indicates the disk usage.

Run the pidstat command to check the I/O usage. This command focuses on the amount of data read and written on a single process per second.

pidstat -d 1 10  // 1 indicates that the query interval is 1 second, and 10 indicates that the number of query times is 10.
03:17:12 PM   UID       PID   kB_rd/s   kB_wr/s kB_ccwr/s  Command
03:17:13 PM  1006     36134      0.00  59436.00      0.00  gaussdb

kB_rd/s indicates the number of kilobytes of data read per second, and kB_wr/s indicates that of data written per second.

Analyzing Performance Parameters

Check whether the disk usage exceeds 60%. Disk usage exceeding 60% is called high.
```
df -T
```
Perform the following operations to reduce I/O usage if the I/O usage keeps high:
- Reduce the number of concurrent tasks.
- Do VACUUM FULL for related tables.
```
vacuum full tablename;
```
  NOTE:
  You are advised to do VACUUM FULL during the system idle time because this operation will cause heavy I/O load in a short period. VACUUM FULL during the system busy time does not facilitate the I/O decrease.